Developmental stage variation in<scp><i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i></scp>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) low temperature tolerance: implications for overwintering
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a very destructive polyphagous insect pest of cereal crops accounting for up to 100% yield losses. To survive winter low temperatures in the Americas, adults FAW are known to migrate south for warmer climates and then re‐invade northern USA and Canada the following summer. Since its African invasion, no studies have looked at its overwintering biology. Specifically, there is no information on in situ ontogenetic low temperature tolerance, despite its significance in explaining overwintering survival. Here, we thus investigated low temperature tolerance of FAW larvae (3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th) and adults from field populations through assessing basal stress tolerance (critical thermal minima [CT min ], supercooling point [SCP] and chill coma recovery time [CCRT]) and plasticity using standardized protocols. Our results showed significant life stage effects on low temperature tolerance, although all were chill‐susceptible. Adults had lower CT min and CCRT than larvae (higher cold tolerance). However, early instar larvae had significantly depressed SCPs than later instars and adults. All larval instars tested showed no plastic responses to CT min , while for adults, cold hardening appeared to come at a cost of CT min . These results suggest ontogenetic differences in S. frugiperda cold hardiness albeit all are susceptible to chilling. Second, the absence or cost of hardening confirms FAW's maladaptation to low temperatures. However, Botswana microclimate records show that severe low temperature stress is limited, and thus, in situ overwintering is possible. These results are important in developing informed pest management options for effective management of FAW in Africa.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it