Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel topology to achieve 4:1 voltage step down, aimed at 48 V to 12 V conversion in data center applications, is presented. The so-called dc-transformer topologies have become a very active area of research to improve the overall efficiency of data centers in response to a shift from a 12 Vdc bus architecture to a 48 Vdc bus architecture. In particular, switched-capacitor topologies have been investigated due to their high power density, efficiency, and low reliance on magnetics. However, switched-capacitor topologies have challenges associated with the hard-charging of capacitors and are often forced to make design compromises that reduce their overall performance. The proposed topology maintains many of the advantages of a switched capacitor topology, such as reduced component stresses, and very low reliance on magnetics, while also inherently avoiding any hard-charging of the flying capacitors. This allows the converter to operate at a very low frequency, such as 60 kHz, with a small inductor, such as 100 nH, and use low voltage stress devices to achieve a peak efficiency of more than 99% for 48 V to 12 V conversion and a power density of 800 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".