Advances and Applications of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) and PCMs-based Technologies
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is necessary to develop new technologies for energy storage and use of renewable energy to improve energy efficiency. Phase change materials (PCMs) are a family of energy storage materials that are among one of the most suitable materials for storing and effectively utilizing renewable thermal energy. PCM-based latent heat storage (LHS) is more advantageous than sensible energy storage because of the high storage energy density per unit volume/mass and the smaller temperature difference between storing and releasing heat. However, PCMs have low a thermal conductivity and a high degree of supercooling that are affecting their efficiency for energy storage. This review article first introduces the principle of phase change energy storage and the classification of phase change energy materials. Then, the improvement of storage methods of PCMs, and the fundamental properties that affect the application of phase change materials are discussed in detail. The applications of PCMs in various fields are also reviewed, including in solar energy utilization, waste heat recovery, construction, and civil and medical use. Finally, it summarizes the research progress of PCMs and provides an outlook for future research.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it