Spacetime Frequency-Multiplexed Digital-RF Array Receivers With Reduced ADC Count
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wireless systems operating at mm-wave frequencies require dense antenna arrays to achieve directional gain for overcoming high path loss. Digital mm-wave arrays retain spatial degrees of freedom, but require a dedicated analog to data converter (ADC) per spatial channel, leading to undesirably high receiver complexity, large ADC count, and power consumption. This brief exploits directional sparsity to reduce the number of receivers and ADCs with minimal loss in performance. A multidimensional (MD) linear transformation using transmission lines and a K : 1 combiner is used to reduce the number of ADCs by a factor K. Simulations verify that the proposed method can lead to better than 50% ADC complexity reductions (for K ≥ 2) for linear arrays and more than 75% ADC complexity reduction (for K ≥ 4) for rectangular arrays when sparsity conditions are met. Unlike in analog-digital hybrid beamforming, where a phased-array combines K channels to a single ADC, the proposed method does not lead to loss of spatial degrees of freedom.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".