Investigating the Effect of Drama Therapy Techniques in Improving the Symptoms of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction:Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are an exceptional group who exhibit symptoms, such as defects in social interaction, poor interpersonal relationships, and complex verbal communication as well as s tereotyped behaviors and movements.To partially improve these disorders, the use of palliative supportive interventions, such as art therapy and theater therapy, is common in Europe, the United States, and Canada.This s tudy aimed to inves tigate the effectiveness of drama therapy techniques in improving symptoms in children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder. Materials and Methods:This experimental s tudy was performed using a pre-tes t-pos t-tes t group design, the s tudy population consis ted of all 8-18-year children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder referred to a rehabilitation education school in Sa'adat Abad, Tehran, Iran.Of this group, a sample of 10 people was selected through convenience sampling.All of them were pre-tes ted and after applying the techniques, they underwent pos t-tes ts.The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Firs t Edition (GARS-1) was used for the s tudy.Furthermore, the paired-samples t-tes t, the independent t-tes t, and Pearson correlation coefficient tes t were used to examine the hypotheses.Results: The mean of autism spectrum disorder and its components (s tereotyped behaviors, verbal communication, social interactions) in the pre-tes t and pos t-tes t are significantly different.Among the components of variable autism spectrum disorder, s tereotyped behaviors, and social interactions among boys and girls were significantly different.In s tereotyped behaviors and social interactions, boys and girls had significantly more improvement in autism spectrum disorder symptoms, respectively.In the components of social interactions and verbal communication, girls and boys had the highes t mean improvement, respectively.The value of the correlation coefficient of the variable autism spectrum disorder and its components with age was positive, indicating that theater therapy and its techniques at younger ages improve the symptoms of children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder.Conclusion: Drama therapy techniques can be effective in improving the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder and enhancing social skills, verbal communication, and modifying s tereotypical behaviors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".