CAROTID VASCULAR RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG MIDDLE-AGE ADULTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Carotid flow velocity and peripheral blood pressure were independently associated with cognitive function among the elderly population, but unknown among middle-aged adults. We aimed to investigate the association between carotid hemodynamics and cognitive performance among the middle-age population. Design and method: A total of 490 middle-age adults (between 30 and 60 years) participated in the ongoing survey (2017–2020) of the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors two-Township study and received the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) to evaluate the global cognitive function. Carotid-formal pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) was measured using carotid and femoral arterial tonometry. Carotid vascular resistance was calculated by mean carotid pressure divided into mean carotid volume flow. Results: MOCA levels were similar between men and women (27.1 vs. 27.2, p = 0.6036). Age(r = -0.22, P < 0.001), and education(r = 0.39, p < 0.001) were associated with MOCA. Controlled for age, gender and education, peak systolic velocity (r = 0.077 @left; r = 0.012@Right, all p > 0.05), end diastolic velocity (r = 0.029, r = -0.062, all p > 0.05), mean flow (r = 0.060; r = -0.038, all p > 0.05), carotid resistive index (r = 0.020, r = 0.05, all p > 0.05), carotid pulsatility(r = 0.015; r = 0.058; p > 0.05), diameter(r = 0.060; r = -0.008, all p > 0.05) at both sides were not associated with MOCA. Only carotid vascular resistance (CVR) at left side was associated with MOCA (r = -0.158, p = 0.0010), but not at right carotid artery (r = -0.030, p = 0.5369). CVR@Left (standard beta = -0.144; p = 0.0022) remains associated with MOCA in the multivariable with further controlling glucose, low density lipoprotein and carotid-formal pulse wave velocity. Those with top, 2nd and 3th quartile of CVR@left had 2.4-fold [Odds Ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence intervals = 1.14–5.04], 1.95-fold(1.95;0.93–4.07) and 0.99-fold (0.99;0.45–2.17) risk for poor cognitive performance (MOCA < 26), compared to those with lowest quartile of CVR@left in the multivariable model. Conclusions: Carotid vascular resistance is a marker of cerebrovascular resistance and associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".