Bibliographic record
Abstract
Positive emotion is a pre-condition to any sales contract. Likewise, the ability to perceive the emotions of a customer impacts sales performance.To support emotional perception in buyer-seller interactions, we propose an audio-visual emotion recognition system that can recognize eight emotions: neutral, calm, sad, happy, angry, fearful, surprised, and disgusted. We reduced noise in audio samples and we applied transfer learning for image feature extraction based on a pre-trained deep neural network VGG16. For emotion recognition, we successfully obtained an audio emotion-recognition accuracy of 62.51% and 68% and video emotion-recognition accuracy of 97.13% and 97.77% on the Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) and Surrey Audio-Visual Expressed Emotion (SAVEE) datasets respectively. For the combination of the two models, our proposed merging mechanism without re-training achieved an accuracy of close to 100% on both datasets. Finally, we demonstrated our system for a customer satisfaction use case in a real customer-to-salesperson interaction using audio and video models, achieving an average accuracy of 78%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".