Establishment of caprine airway epithelial cells grown in an air-liquid interface system to study caprine respiratory viruses and bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Respiratory diseases negatively impact the global goat industry, but are understudied. There is a shortage of established and biological relevant in vitro or ex vivo assays to study caprine respiratory infections. Here, we describe the establishment of an in vitro system based on well-differentiated caprine airway epithelial cell (AEC) cultures grown under air liquid interface conditions as an experimental platform to study caprine respiratory pathogens. The functional differentiation of the AEC cultures was monitored and confirmed by light and immunofluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and examination of histological sections. We validated the functionality of the platform by studying Influenza D Virus (IDV) infection and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) colonization over 5 days, including monitoring of infectious agents by titration and qPCR as well as colour changing units, respectively. The inoculation of caprine AEC cultures with IDV showed that efficient viral replication takes place, and revealed that IDV has a marked cell tropism for ciliated cells. Furthermore, AEC cultures were successfully infected with Mmc using a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 and colonization was monitored over several days. Altogether, these results demonstrate that our newly-established caprine AEC cultures can be used to investigate host-pathogen interactions of caprine respiratory pathogens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".