Using steady shear rate sweep protocol to determine zero shear viscosity of unaged and aged unmodified bituminous binders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rutting is one of the most significant distresses occurring in bituminous pavements at higher pavement temperatures. Researchers have been focusing on developing bitumen binder parameters that can be used to predict the rutting resistance of bituminous mixtures, and zero shear viscosity (ZSV) has proven its efficacy as a binder rutting parameter. A stepwise steady shear rate sweep test with two cycles of forward and backward sweeps was conducted at very low shear rates to determine the ZSV of unaged, short-term aged, and long-term aged unmodified bitumen binders. Convergence of the steady-state viscosities was observed at different shear rates in the first forward sweep. The response of the binders was independent of the shear rate, time, and the effect of shear history was negligible. As the shear rates corresponded to the ZSV regime, the ZSV was determined from the first forward sweep. The ZSV correlated well with the three existing rutting parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".