Managing Formation-Damage Risk From Scale-Inhibitor Squeeze Treatments in Deepwater, Subsea Fields in the Campos Basin
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary This paper describes field experience and lessons learned from bullhead-deployed scale-control operations in a deepwater subsea development in the Campos basin, Brazil; specifically, this paper is about deploying such treatments from the floating production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) host, along the production flow-lines, and into four low-water-cut, horizontal, subsea wells completed with sand control. The relatively small number of high-cost, highly productive wells, coupled with a very high barium sulfate (BaSO4) scaling tendency upon breakthrough of injection water, meant that not only was effective downhole scale management critical to achieve high hydrocarbon recovery, but that even wells at low water cuts were deemed to be at sufficient risk to require squeeze application. Initial bullheaded scale treatments comprised three "hybrid" treatments: a mutual-solvent preflush, a water-based main flush, and a diesel overflush. As water-production rates rose, so did the treatment volumes required. To improve the logistics of these treatments and to mitigate issues that arise from poor injectivity of diesel in these wells, core studies were conducted to investigate the option of changing the overflush fluid from marine diesel to injection-quality seawater. This change also introduced the possibility of forming a gas-hydrate plug during shut-in, but this was managed by use of a thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor and by replacing the flowline contents to flashed crude during the shut-in period. Both the operational aspects and the response of the wells to the modified treatments will be compared with those previously deployed in terms of, in particular, the injectivity of the wells during treatment and well-treatment cleanup rates and productivity afterward. The core studies also highlighted a formation-damage mechanism caused by incompatibility between the mutual solvent and the produced oil; this required modification of the treatment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it