Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction.The beginning of the XXI century was marked by the gradual resumption of cooperation between Canada and the European Union after a lengthy stagnation.After all, in the post-bipolar period, in Ottawa they focused predominantly on domestic issues.Furthermore, the United States established them as a key partner on the international arena, while Brussels, focused their efforts on building their own institutions and preparing for the EU enlargement.However, both sides were compelled to critically reconsider the state of bilateral relations and to seek mutually beneficial forms of cooperation.Examining the relationship between Canada and the countries of United Europe, we should note their "exclusivity", since they are based on common goals and values.Canada has obtained a very positive image in Europe as a "friendly and noble nation" [1, p. 102] and an "honest broker and intermediary" [4, p. 157].This stance distinguishes Canada significantly from the United States, which in the field of international relations is often viewed from the perspective of dominance.In terms of foreign policy, Ottawa's attempts to change its policy and distance itself from the United States are also worth noting.Indeed, democratic dimension is an important pillar in the development of Canadian-European relations.In particular, Canadian troops have crossed the Atlantic twice in the last fifty years to stop totalitarianism and ensure democracy.Nowadays among Ottawa's merits are their efforts to achieve peace on the European continent and the deployment of unification processes.Notwithstanding, experts emphasize that Canada might undergo changes that will reduce its European character.This may primarily happen due to demographic changes.New demographic groups in Canada may be more interested in closer relationship with their countries of origin rather than with Europe.Regarding the peculiarities of approaches of Americans and Europeans to international problems, R. Kagan pointed out that they have radically different views of the world.In particular, he claimed that Europeans "came from Venus" because they try to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".