CHUVASH DIASPORA OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX – THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XXI CENTURIES: FORMATION, REMIGRATION PROCESSES, CURRENT STATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relevance of the problem being investigated is due to the steady tendency of reduction the number of Chuvash in the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to consider the process of formation of the Chuvash diaspora in Kazakhstan during the Soviet period, and to study the causes of its decrease in modern conditions, primarily due to re-emigration. The leading approach to the study of this problem is a comprehensive analysis of published sources and field material. The article uses methods of quantitative analysis, cartographic method, oral-historical method. The main result was an analysis of the dynamics of the number of Chuvash people in Kazakhstan. The materials of the article may be useful for ethnographers, sociologists, and other scientists as a reserve for further study of the processes occurring within the national diasporas in the territory of states that were formerly a part of the USSR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".