Distributed Time-Varying Output Formation Tracking Control for General Linear Multi-Agent Systems With Multiple Leaders and Relative Output-Feedback
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a unified distributed swarm intelligence algorithm is developed to study time-varying output formation (TVOF) for a general linear multi-agent system (MAS) with a directed network. New adaptive output-feedback formation protocols are proposed to achieve TVOF stabilization for leaderless directed networks and TVOF tracking for leader-follower networks. For the leaderless case, only agents’ outputs are required to achieve the desired time-varying formation. An adaptive observer-type formation protocol is constructed via relative outputs of neighboring agents. No global information of the directed network is used to determine the protocol. A distributed algorithm is developed to solve the TVOF stabilization problem after the observability decomposition. For the leader-follower case, only partial agents have knowledge of the leaders’ information. An adaptive formation tracking protocol is constructed using dynamic relative output-feedback for neighboring followers. Based on the distributed algorithm, it is proved that the TVOF tracking problem with multiple leaders can be solved in a fully distributed manner.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it