The Generation of Extremely Fine Water-in-Bitumen emulsions via the Satellite Drop Formation Mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis is concerned with the generation of fine water-in-bitumen emulsions through drop fracture during the bitumen froth treatment process. Due to their negative economic and environmental impact, the stability of these emulsions has received tremendous attention; however, little work has been conducted on the manner through which they form. In this study, we use a novel microfluidic platform to study the satellite drop generation mechanism via drop fracture. Using this technique, satellite drops several orders of magnitude smaller than the mother drop were generated and characterized. The smallest satellite drops observed were below 2μm in radius. The range of satellite. The effects of industrially relevant parameters, namely, water pH, solvent dilution and capillary number, are investigated. The satellite drop volume and number of drops were found to increase with the capillary number and dilution while process water pH was found to have a smaller effect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".