Evaluación de la implantación de la Guía de Buenas Prácticas “Lactancia Materna” de la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras de Ontario (RNAO), en el Área III de Salud de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
espanolLa Practica Basada en la Evidencia se asume actualmente como un paradigma metodolo?gico que ayuda en la toma de decisiones a los profesionales de la salud. Las Guias de Practica Clinica (GPC) son herramientas que ayudan al profesional a incorporar las evidencias cientificas a la practica clinica diaria. El A?rea III de Salud de la Comunidad Auto?noma de la Region de Murcia en el ano 2011 presento una candidatura al programa de caracter internacional Best Practice Spotlight Organizations (BPSO?) de implantacion de GPC, desarrollado por la Asociacion de Enfermeras Registradas de Ontario (RNAO?), con la finalidad de implantar GPCs. La candidatura fue aprobada y durante los anos 2012-2015 se implantaron 5 GPCs, una de ellas de Lactancia Materna (LM). El objetivo general de esta tesis doctoral fue evaluar el proceso de implantacio?n de la GPC de LM de RNAO en el contexto del programa de implantacion BPSO?. Los objetivos especificos fueron: Identificar los factores asociados con las conductas de apoyo a la lactancia materna de los profesionales de la salud en un area de salud donde se implemento una GPC sobre LM de la RNAO adoptando la teoria planificada, Investigar las percepciones y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud y las madres en relacion con un proceso de implantacion de una GPC sobre LM guiado por el marco conceptual The Knowledge to Action Framework en un hospital regional del sistema nacional de salud espanol, Determinar las barreras identificadas por los gestores y profesionales sanitarios implicados en la implantacion y sostenibilidad de una GPC de LM en un hospital espanol de tamano medio en el marco del programa Best Practice Spotlight Organization. La tesis doctoral esta organizada en tres estudios de investigacion, uno observacional transversal y dos cualitativos. En el primero pretendiamos determinar el efecto de la implantacion de la GPC de LM en los factores asociados al apoyo de la LM por parte de los profesionales, mientras que con los estudios cualitativos queriamos conocer las percepciones y experiencias de las personas implicadas en la implantacion de la guia e identificar las barreras encontradas en todo el proceso. La poblacion de estudio la componian los profesionales y usuarios del Area III de Salud. En el estudio transversal se utilizo un cuestionario validado que evalua las actitudes, creencias, conocimientos, norma subjetiva e intencion de conducta sobre el apoyo a la lactancia materna de los profesionales de salud. En los estudios cualitativos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas donde se analizaron las experiencias vividas por las personas involucradas en el proceso de implantacion de la GPC. Los resultados mostraron un aumento en el grado de apoyo a la LM de los profesionales sanitarios del Area III de Salud, asi como, diferencias en la participacion en la implantacion segun el rol o perfil del profesional y el grado de compromiso con el proceso de implantacion de la GPC. Las barreras detectadas estan vinculadas a la falta de recursos humanos, materiales y economicos; a los lugares donde se realiza la implantacion, las caracteristicas de quienes lo hacen, y a sus relaciones entre ellos; tambien se ha observado escasa difusion y diferente alcance del proyecto a los profesionales; los factores socioculturales relacionados con la madre y su entorno tambien han su puesto una barrera. La conclusion principal es que la implantacion de la GPC de LM de la RNAO en el Area III de salud de la Comunidad Autonoma de la Region de Murcia ha supuesto para todos los actores implicados un proceso complejo, en el cual, se han llevado a cabo intervenciones multicomponentes que han requerido de una adaptacion constante a barreras y entornos cambiantes. Se ha conseguido que disminuya la variabilidad en la practica clinica debido a que se ha producido una unificacion de criterios y estandarizacion de los cuidados relacionados con mejoras significativas en el apoyo a la LM. Ademas, comprender el rol de cada uno de los participantes durante el proceso, asi como la deteccion de barreras encontradas ha facilitado el proceso de implantacion de la guia tanto a nivel organizacional como de profesionales y usuarios. EnglishEvidence-Based Practice is currently assumed as a methodological paradigm that helps health professionals in decision-making. Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) are tools that facilitate the professional to incorporate scientific evidence into daily clinical practice. The Health Area III of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia in 2011 submitted a proposal to the international program Best Practice Spotlight Organizations (BPSO?) for the implementation of CPGs, developed by the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO?). The application was approved and 5 CPGs were implemented during the years 2012-2015, one of them regarding Breastfeeding (BF). The main objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to evaluate the implementation process of the RNAO Breastfeeding CPG in the context of the BPSO? implementation program. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of implementing a breastfeeding clinical practice guideline on factors associated with breastfeeding support by health care professionals adopting a Theory of Planned Behavior approach, to examine the perceptions and experiences of health care professionals and mothers in relation to the implementation of a breastfeeding clinical practice guide- line, to determine the barriers identified by managers and health professionals involved in the implementation and sustainability of Clinical Practice Guidelines for breastfeeding under the auspices of the Best Practice Spotlight Organization program. It has been organized in three research studies, one cross-sectional observational study and two qualitative studies. In the first one, we aimed to determine the effect of Breastfeeding CPG implementation on the factors associated with breastfeeding support by professionals, while with the qualitative studies we wanted to know the perceptions and experiences of the people involved in the implementation of the guide and identify the barriers found throughout the process. The study population was made up of professionals and users of Health Area III. In the cross-sectional study, a validated questionnaire was used to assess health professionals' attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, subjective norms, and behavioral intentions about breastfeeding support. In the qualitative studies, semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand the experiences of whom were involved in the CPG implementation process. The results showed an increase in the degree of breastfeeding support from health professionals in Health Area III, as well as differences in participation in the implantation, according to the role or profile of the professional and the degree of commitment to the CPG process. The barriers detected were linked to the lack of human, material and economic resources; the places where the implantation took place and the characteristics of those who did it. Other barriers were their relationships with each other; the lack of dissemination and scope of the project to professionals and the sociocultural factors related to the mother and her environment. The main conclusion is that the implementation of the RNAO Breastfeeding CPG in Health Area III of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia has meant a complex process for all the actors involved, in which multi-component interventions have been carried out, requiring constant adaptation to changing barriers and environments. Variability in clinical practice has been reduced due to the unification of criteria and standardization of care related significant improvements in the breastfeeding support. In conclusion, understanding the role of each of the participants during the process and finding barriers have facilitated the CPG implementation process at the organizational level, being useful for both professionals and users.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.032 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".