Multidecadal Variability in Mediterranean Sea Surface Temperature and Its Sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The multidecadal variability in Mediterranean Sea surface temperature (MSMV) exerts important climate impacts on both the Mediterranean region and remote areas at hemispheric scales and has long been identified in previous studies. However, its key region and source are still unclear. For the first time, we show that the key region of the MSMV is in the eastern Mediterranean, where the MSMV can persist throughout the year. The MSMV in the central and western Mediterranean occurs mainly in summer. Comparison of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) indices shows that the cumulative NAO index has a better consistency with the MSMV, suggesting that the MSMV most likely results from the cumulative effect of NAO atmospheric forcing on ocean circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. The stable lag relationship between the cumulative NAO index and the MSMV provides a natural indicator for the decadal prediction of the MSMV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".