Simulation and Performance Analysis of Active PCM-Heat Exchanger to Optimize Building Operation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis presents a simulation study of an active energy storage device, intended to enhance building operation, and which is designed to be installed in the ceiling plenum of an office space, a mechanical room or in other convenient locations. This device, consisting of an arrangement of several panels of a phase-change material, may be charged or discharged as required with an air stream passing through the gaps between the panels, thus operating as a PCM-air heat exchanger (PCM-HX). \nThe first part of the thesis focuses on the design of the PCM-HX. Several design configurations are evaluated; investigated parameters include the PCM-HX dimensions, the number of air channels, and airflow rates. The Thesis also includes an experimental validation of the PCM model. Design criteria that were considered in the parametric study include the amount of stored heat, the time needed to charge/discharge the PCM storage and the overall energy density of the device. \nThe second part of the thesis evaluates different control strategies targeting reductions in peak demand and HVAC system sizing during winter. The effect of a linear ramp of room temperature setpoint and PCM-HX on peak load reduction is investigated. It was found that implementing a two hour linear ramp in temperature setpoint –together with a PCM-HX configuration with six air channels– can reduce the heating peak load by 41%, relative to a benchmark case without the PCM-HX. \nThe third part of the thesis presents a simulation case study of The PCM-HX for free-cooling purposes. Results show that in the present case-study, 14% reduction in energy consumption and 24 % reduction in cooling power fluctuation (W) during daytime could be achieved using the PCM heat exchanger (PCM-HX) for free cooling. \nThe last section of the thesis evaluates effect of the PCM-HX on energy flexibility in building. The potential of shifting the energy use from high to low price periods is investigated. Results show that such a PCM HX along with appropriate control strategies could provide flexibility to the grid, reduce mean power load during daytime and peak power demand. It was found that the PCM-HX could enhance energy flexibility by 10 % in winter day and 20% in summer day.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".