A New Adaptive Underfrequency Load Shedding Scheme to Improve Frequency Stability in Electric Power System
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a new adaptive underfrequency load shedding scheme (UFLS) to avoid frequency instability in electrical power system during abnormal wide area disturbances. The developed scheme is based on online monitoring of the distance relay zone 3 decisions of some tie lines using (WAMS) and SCADA/EMS systems, to check rapidly and reliably the uncontrolled islanding conditions and, permit an automatic load shedding action to maintain frequency stability of power system. Simulation results on 400 kV Turkish transmission systems demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme compared to current frequency load shedding schemes which they cannot consider all possible circumstances because of their limited access to the power network data. Simulation results clearly indicate that large disturbances in power systems can be avoided and their propagation can also be stopped using the proposed scheme.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it