Structure and viscosity of CaO–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –BaO slags with varying mass ratio of BaO to CaO
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The structure of CaO–Al 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 –BaO glassy slags with varying mass ratio of BaO to CaO has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy, 11 B and 27 Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS‐NMR) spectroscopy and atomic pair distribution function (PDF). 11 B MAS‐NMR spectra reveal the dominant coordination of boron as trigonal. Both simulations on 11 B MAS‐NMR spectra and Raman spectroscopy indicate the presence of orthoborate as the primary borate group with a few borate groups with one bridging oxygen and minor four‐coordinated boron sites. 27 Al MAS‐NMR and PDF show the Al coordination as tetrahedral. Raman spectral study shows that the transverse vibration of Al IV –O–Al IV and Al IV –O–B III , stretching vibration of aluminate structural units and vibration of orthoborate and pyroborate structural groups. A broader distribution of Al–O bond lengths in PDF also supports the enhanced network connectivity. Viscosity measurements show the increase in viscosity of molten slags with increasing mass ratio of BaO to CaO, which further attributes to the enhanced degree of polymerization of the aluminate network.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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