Chloride Ion as Redox Mediator in Reducing Charge Overpotential of Aprotic Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The aprotic lithium‐oxygen (Li−O2) battery with a high theoretical energy density has been considered as a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the formation of insulating Li2O2 products is a major obstacle for realizing the high energy efficiency and long cycle life. Here, we report a new Cl−/Cl3− redox mediator to reduce the charge overpotential by a facile introduction of chloride ion (Cl−) additives into the organic electrolyte. The redox mediator can effectively promote the formation of the LiOH discharge product, and facilitate efficient LiOH decomposition. Therefore, the cell with the Cl− additives possesses a significantly low charge overpotential of 0.29 V, an extended cycle life (up to 71 cycles) at a rate of 500 mA g−1 with a fixed capacity of 500 mAh g−1, and an enhanced rate capability. This study offers an effective approach to modulate discharge products from Li2O2 to LiOH and provides new insights toward the role of redox mediators through the addition of Cl− in Li−O2 battery systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".