Commissioning of a multi-purpose offline ion source at the TITAN experiment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The controlled focusing and transport of ion beams is of paramount importance in particle accelerators, high energy beamlines, and detector systems, as it determines the sensitivity and resolution of the instruments. Therefore, it is essential to model the beam dynamics before the commissioning of new instruments in order to optimise properties such as transmission and energy spread. In this paper, a commercial Plasma Ion Source (PIS), comprised of a heated filament and anode followed by its collimating optics, was modelled using Monte Carlo simulations run with the commercial software SIMION. The simulations were performed for the integration of the source within the existing ion transport optics of TRIUMF’s Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear science (TITAN). Optimising the voltage configurations using these simulations proved successful in the commissioning of the PIS operated in surface ionisation mode at the TITAN experiment. A Time-of-Flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy method was developed which allowed for the identification of species ionised by the source. The integration of a flexible ion source into the TITAN experiment will open up new opportunities to perform Isotopic Ratios Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) measurements at TITAN.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".