The relationship between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and early childhood caries – a systematic literature review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction. Odontogenesis of deciduous teeth is dependent on the intrauterine environment and shaped, among other things, by prenatal maternal nutrition. Proper deve-lopment of deciduous dentition, formation and mineralisation of the enamel and dentin determines the susceptibility to cariogenic factors. The current knowledge of the effects of prenatal nutrition and supplementation on the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) is unclear. Aim. An evaluation of the relationship between maternal nutrition in pregnancy and the risk of early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods. A systematic review of literature on the association between prenatal maternal nutrition and early childhood caries was performed based on both electronic and manual search through medical databases, i.e. PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE, which allowed to identify 6 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was evaluated using the ROBINS-I questionnaire and a quality assessment of original papers was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results. All analysed works were at a risk of bias associated with confounders affecting the intervention and interpretation of results. Four works were considered to be of good quality (NOS > 6) and two other of medium quality. Conclusions. An increased maternal intake of vitamin D, calcium, dairy products, yoghurts and cheeses in pregnancy is an important factor reducing the risk of dental caries in their children. The risk of ECC is increased in the case of vitamin D deficiency, low intake of calcium and a diet high in fatty acids and carbohydrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".