Assessment of Surgical Guide Accuracy Utilizing a Digital Workflow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the accuracy of placing implants using a digital workflow. Variables were compared to see if there was an effect on implant position accuracy. These included bone level (BL) versus bone level tapered (BLT) implants, positioning of implants adjacent to tooth support versus further across an edentulous ridge, and impact of the surgical guide requiring adjustment to fully seat. Furthermore, two methods of post-operative assessment were compared to evaluate consistency of each approach.;Methods: A typical work up for digital implant planning was performed on a sectioned pig jaw. The DICOM CBCT file and IOS STL file were imported into coDiagnostiX to virtually plan implant placement (Dentalwings, Montreal, Canada). Two implants were planned for each of ten specimens, with one positioned adjacent to the Surgical guide tooth support (Implant A) and a second positioned more distally along the edentulous ridge (Implant B). The guide was designed and 3-D printed with 5 mm sleeves to allow full preparation of the osteotomy. The sites were prepared following Straumann guided surgery protocols, with the exception of utilizing irrigation. The implant was free-handed into position, until full depth of placement was achieved. The jaws were then post-operatively assessed using two methods: a post-operative CBCT scan and an intraoral scan of implant scan bodies. Each set of files were overlapped with the treatment evaluation tool of the coDiagnostiX software, to compare the planned to the resulting implant position.;Results: The average error was more pronounced at both the base and tip of implants in the mesial direction. An average 3D offset of 1.43 mm was observed at the coronal aspect, with a little higher average offset of 2.04 mm at the implant apex. Also, the average angular deviation was 5.17°. There was no significant difference found between the post-operative methods of assessment. Significant differences were shown between implant A and B when comparing the depth of placement. Differences were also found between BL and BLT implant types in angular deviation and in the mesial/distal direction at the platform of the implant. When the guide required adjustments, a significant difference in positioning was found in the buccal/lingual direction.;Conclusions: Post-operative assessment using a CBCT or IOS of scan bodies are comparable methods to evaluate planned versus placed implant positioning. Flexure of the surgical guide may have caused implants placed further from the tooth support to be positioned deeper than planned. BLT implants showed better angular accuracy than
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".