Case report: early onset narcolepsy initially misdiagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological syndrome, which is characterized by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis during the rapid eye movement period of sleep. This disease is commonly diagnosed within adulthood. However, the first symptoms often appear in childhood and/or adolescence. Pediatric cases of narcolepsy generally remain unrecognized and undiagnosed. Clinical heterogeneity, prolonged onset and diverse symptoms contribute to the delay in diagnosis and treatment in childhood. CASE: This report describes a case of narcolepsy in an 8,5-year-old male patient who was misdiagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and many other diagnoses at different hospitals over a period of 3 years before the correct diagnosis was made. CONCLUSIONS: Narcolepsy in children is a rare neurological syndrome, which can occur with uncommon and atypical clinical presentations. In our case report we aimed to highlight pediatric narcolepsy, which could help to make more appropriate approaches and prevent misdiagnoses or diagnosis delay in these cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".