Experimental and numerical study of axially loaded reinforced concrete columns and frame columns under lateral impact loading
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pendulum impact tests were conducted on a reinforced concrete (RC) frame column and four RC free-standing columns. The effects of the axial compression ratio and reinforcement ratio on the impact resistance of the columns were compared using the dynamic time curves of framed and freestanding columns under impact. The test results show that for the same impact load, although the presence of axial loads can play a positive role (e.g., reducing the residual displacement), it may lead to more severe local damage. In addition, compared with free-standing columns, frame columns can be considered as a protective structure because of their greater lateral stiffness and stronger crashworthiness. The corresponding finite element models are developed, and the influence of the axial loads on the cross-section force responses under impact excitation was deeply explored. Axial loads can significantly affect the distribution of moment, shear force, and damage to the column.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it