Characterization of Pre-retrofit Air Flow in a 1970’s Multi-unit Residential Building in Toronto, Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) constructed in the 1970s do not meet current energy standards. Air leakage through the building envelope contributes significantly to energy losses in these buildings. Retrofits such as window replacements and over-cladding can improve the air tightness of the envelope but may have unintended consequences for the ventilation of the building. Pressure distributions throughout the building may change because of reduced leakage across the exterior walls leading to increased inter-zonal air flow. Air flow tests were performed in a 1970s MURB in its pre-retrofit condition. The tests showed significant leakage across building components including the windows and balcony doors. Occupant surveys indicated odour transfer between suites despite field tests that showed adequate air change rates and low inter-zonal air transfer between suites. Air flow network modelling showed that inter-zonal air flow will likely increase between select suites after envelope air tightening retrofits are completed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".