Wearable microneedle dual electrochemical sensor for simultaneous pH and cortisol detection in sweat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We report herewith an inexpensive flexible dual target electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of pH and cortisol in human sweat. The sensor was fabricated by printing layer by layer (LbL) on a conductive microneedle polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible substrate. The dual sensor integrates two detection chambers comprising polyaniline (PANi) and cortisol imprinted poly (glycidylmethacrylate‐co ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly (GMA‐co‐EGDMA)). The dual wearable sensor rapidly (< 1 min) responded linearly to pH in the range of 3–9, while the cortisol sensor chamber had a linear range of 0–100 ng/mL. The cortisol sensing region had an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 ± 0.3 ng/mL, with intra‐batch reproducibility of 2.4% relative standard deviation (%RSD). The inter‐batch precision (%RSD for three different sensors) was determined to be 4.7%. Demonstrating excellent stability and reusability, a single patch of cortisol sensor was used for 15 times over a 30‐day period, with minimal change in response. The dual analyte wearable sensors were effective for detection of pH and cortisol in real human sweat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".