The Development of the Chicken Skull and the Histology of Some of its Sutures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of differing definitions of homology has led to controversies about the identity of bony elements in vertebrate skulls.An example is the controversy concerning the identity of the avian frontal, which has been assigned that name based on its location and shape.However, developmentally, it has been suggested to be a fusion of the frontal and parietal (i.e.frontoparietal).To assist in resolving this controversy, a search for a suture in the gap between the two ossification centres of the chicken's frontal was attempted.The production of a staging table of the chicken skull revealed a putative suture would be found between stages HH36 and 37. Histological examination of the developing frontal failed to find any evidence of a frontal-parietal suture, leading to the conclusion that the avian frontal is a single element formed from two ossification centers and is not a frontoparietal.iii
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".