9. Epidemiological and Immunologic Profile in an Outpatient HIV Clinic in Southeastern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kingston represents a unique enclave within Southeastern Ontario owing to the preponderance of correctional facilities within its environs, as well as its geographic location at the crossroads between three of Canada’s largest cities – Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal. This gives the Kingston HIV epidemic a distinctive character. This study provides attempts to construct the epidemiological profile of HIV‐infected patients in Kingston by two prognostic variables –CD4 cell count and viral load– to elucidate any trends in immunologic status and efficacy of treatment for patients followed at the Clinical Immunology Outpatient Clinic (CIOC) in Kingston, Ontario. We conducted a retrospective analysis of HIV‐infected patients managed at the CIOC. Patients were stratified according to gender and year of diagnosis. Median CD4 cell count and viral load at first and most recent visit were compared for both groups. Bivariate analysis of age, gender, HCV co‐infection, nadir CD4 cell count and proportion of patients achieving viral suppression was also undertaken. 528 patients were included in the analysis: 158 active, 106 incarcerated, 94 transferred, 93 known deceased and 77 lost to follow‐up. There were 453 males and 75 females. Male patients had a greater age at diagnosis and a lower proportion of HCV coinfection. Female patients had a greater median CD4 cell count for both the first and most recent visit. There was no significant difference in viral load values between male and female patients. 439 patients had a year of diagnosis on file; 290 were diagnosed before 1997 and 149 were diagnosed in or after 1997. There was no significant change in gender distribution or HCV co‐infection, but patients diagnosed after 1997 had a greater age at diagnosis, a greater first viral load, a greater most recent CD4 cell count and were less likely to be virologically suppressed at first visit. The demographics of patients presenting at the CIOC have been changing in concert with a broader Canada‐wide shift. The findings of this study indicate differences in immunologic status and other prognostic parameters between males and females and a marked shift in demographic and immunologic parameters following the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) in 1997. New treatment stratagems will have to be implemented to reflect the changing face of HIV epidemic in Kingston and Ontario.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".