Infection and colonization of triticale by <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Histological investigations elucidate infection structure development and the subsequent colonization process of rust pathogens in their cereal hosts. No comprehensive information exists for the infection process of the wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), on triticale, an amphiploid species carrying both the wheat and rye genomes. The adult plant stem rust response of the triticale cultivars ‘Kiewiet’, ‘Coorong’ and ‘Satu’ and the bread wheat control, Line 37–07, was determined under controlled conditions using Pgt pathotypes UVPgt56, UVPgt60 and UVPgt62. Flag leaf sheaths were sampled 24 and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 120 hpi for fluorescence microscopy, and 16 days post-inoculation for a fungal biomass assay. Although slight differences were observed between the epidermal morphology of triticale and wheat stem sheaths, SEM results indicated that this did not influence early infection by Pgt. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that colony size was affected by both host genotype and pathotype. Colony size strongly corresponded with fungal biomass accumulation, except in ‘Kiewiet’, where fungal growth was not restricted to the same degree as in other incompatible interactions. This study shows that methods commonly used for studying histopathology of Pgt in wheat are equally applicable to triticale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".