УКРАЇНСЬКЕ «НАЦІОНАЛЬНЕ ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ» (НАЦІОТВОРЕННЯ) В ГАЛИЧИНІ ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. У ЗАРУБІЖНІЙ ІСТОРІОГРАФІЇ

Foreign scholars have made a substantial contribution to the study of the Ukrainian National Movement, their works, however, for the most part remained unavailable in Ukraine until the early 1990s. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main achievements of foreign historians in the study of the formation of Ukrainian national and political consciousness in Galicia throughout the 19th – the beginning of the 20th centuries, which is traditionally covered in native historiography as the Age of National Revival. Among foreign researchers (German, Austrian, British, and others), Polish and Russian historiographers, as well as diaspora scholars, took the greatest interest in the Ukrainian National Movement. The distinctive feature of many publications is a manifold picture of historical writing, reflecting consideration of national and political preferences: from traditional positivist to modernist approaches. Diaspora historians of the older generation advocated primordialist approach, according to which the paramount goal of the Ukrainian historical process is the formation of the nation state. The works of Polish and Russian historians, who eschewed comparative studies of national problems, were characterized by excessive subjectivity, the attitude towards the Ukrainian National Movement remained explicitly critical up to the mid-20th century (in some works – up to now). In modern Western historiography, including diaspora studies, in line with current scientific theories of nation and nationalism, the Ukrainian National Movement is regarded in the light of the consolidation of national consciousness, cross-influenced by Austrophile, Polonophile, Russophile, and in fact Ukrainophile orientations. Among the publications of Western scholars of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the process of «national revival» (nation-building in the modern period) in Austrian Galicia is especially foregrounded in the works of Canadian scholars J.-P. Himka and P.-R. Magocsi, American scholar R. Szporluk, German and Austrian researchers A.-V. Wendland, A. Kappeler, M. Moser, and others. Their studies gave impetus to reconsider the political history of the land, in particular the National Movement in native post-Soviet historiographical literature.

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