Stop-Band Radiation Properties of Higher-Order Space Harmonics-Enabled Broadside Multi-Beam Leaky-Wave Antenna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the physical intrinsic characteristics of higher-order space harmonics (HSH) in one-dimensional periodic leaky-wave antenna (1D-periodic LWA) along with their stop-band frequencies. The band edge issue (BEI) of odd n ϵ [−1, −3] and even n ϵ [−2, −4] HSH is studied, analyzed, and examined in detail where a method is devised and demonstrated to overcome the mismatching issue of HSH. In addition, the radiation properties of HSH in different stop-bands are examined where we show how the stability and flexibility of HSH can be utilized for achieving a multi-beam LWA (MB-LWA). The proposed concept is experimentally validated by prototyping a LWA based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology with focusing on the broadside radiation of the n = −2 space harmonic with the capability of multi-beam scanning. The experimental results obtained in this work show a good agreement with the simulation and analysis counterparts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".