Effects of acclimation to elevated water temperature and hypoxia on thermal tolerance of the threatened pugnose shiner (<i>Notropis anogenus</i>)<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For freshwater fishes, elevated water temperatures associated with climate warming and hypoxia can co-occur and are likely to interact as both affect oxidative metabolism. We quantified the effects of acclimation to elevated temperature and hypoxia on the thermal tolerance of pugnose shiner (Notropis anogenus), a cyprinid fish threatened in its Canadian range. In one experiment, pugnose shiner underwent two-week sequential acclimations to six increasing temperatures. Fish acclimated to warmer waters increased their critical thermal maximum (CT max ), while the agitation temperature (T ag ) was 3.4 °C lower than the CT max . In another experiment, fish were acclimated to three dissolved oxygen treatments (>95%, ∼56%, or ∼40% air saturation) for two weeks and tested under >95% and 40% conditions. CT max was lower when measured under 40% for normoxia-acclimated fish but not for hypoxia-acclimated fish. Hypoxia-acclimated fish had higher T ag and smaller agitation windows than normoxia-acclimated fish, suggesting that hypoxia acclimation improves aspects of thermal tolerance. We examine the plasticity of thermal tolerance of pugnose shiner, showing that they may be more vulnerable to high temperatures compared with other non-imperiled Notropis species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".