Evaluation of otolith microstructures for ageing of larval white sturgeon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sturgeon populations are endangered worldwide, mainly due to habitat degradation and overexploitation causing recruitment failure. Understanding of early development, survival and growth in sturgeon is limited by a lack of a validated method to directly estimate larval age. In a laboratory calibration study, we reared white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) larvae from hatch for 3 weeks at 12 and 16 °C and two feeding regimes (fed and unfed) to determine the usefulness of their vateritic microotoconia for larval ageing and the influence of environmental factors on ring structure and size. By marking the otoliths twice at known ages with Alizarin Red S, we were able to confirm the presence of daily rings in the largest microotoconia and the feasibility of ageing larval sturgeon using otoliths. Three observers blind to age and treatment assessed larval age from daily rings with an overall precision of 67%–82% and 30%–70% accuracy, dependent on larval age. Neither temperature nor feeding had a significant effect on ring width or readability. Thus, ageing sturgeon larvae using otolith microstructures is a promising tool for sturgeon conservation efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".