Timing of brain entrainment to the speech envelope during speaking, listening and self-listening
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of speech envelope tracking during speech production, listening and self-listening. We use a paradigm in which participants listen to natural speech (Listening), produce natural speech (Speech Production), and listen to the playback of their own speech (Self-Listening), all while their neural activity is recorded with EEG. After time-locking EEG data collection and auditory recording and playback, we used a Gaussian copula mutual information measure to estimate the relationship between information content in the EEG and auditory signals. In the 2-10 Hz frequency range, we identified different latencies for maximal speech envelope tracking during speech production and speech perception. Maximal speech tracking takes place approximately 110 ms after auditory presentation during perception and 25 ms before vocalisation during speech production. These results describe a specific timeline for speech tracking in speakers and listeners in line with the idea of a speech chain and hence delays in communication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".