The Role of Latin America in the Permanent Court of International Justice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The history of international dispute settlement, and in particular, that of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) cannot be recited without reference to the contribution of Latin American states. In a similar vein, since the inception of the PCIJ, international peaceful dispute settlement in Latin America has also significantly evolved. From the inception of the idea of creating a permanent court to settle international disputes, Latin American states contributed significantly to the compulsory jurisdiction of that Court. Their prominent role continued long after the creation of the PCIJ, with its successor, the International Court of Justice (ICJ). This chapter places the important role of Latin American states in the solidification of the peaceful settlement of international disputes, from the prism of their relevant role in the creation of the PCIJ and their support of that institution. It first overviews the brief history of the PCIJ and addresses the contribution of Latin American states to the inception and foundational aspects of that Court. In this sense, it focuses on the significant role of Latin American states to the development of the idea of compulsory jurisdiction, through a review of relevant statements of dele- gates of the region in the negotiation of the PCIJ statute. This chapter ultimately argues that Latin American states performed a cardinal role in the creation of the Court, and more broadly, in the progressive development of international law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".