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Record W3162357606 · doi:10.33844/cjm.2021.60503

Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceutics Research Output in One Hundred and Fifty Countries for the Year 2019-2020

2021· article· en· W3162357606 on OpenAlex
Waseem Hassan, Mehreen Zafar

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Medicine · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPharmaceuticsScopusToxicologyPharmacologyTraditional medicineMedicineBiologyMEDLINE

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this note, the data about “Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceutics” is compiled.Scopus has included pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (all), pharmacology,toxicology, pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), drug discovery, pharmaceutical science,pharmacology, and toxicology in the stated category. We analyzed the publications data ofone hundred and fifty (150) countries for 2019-2020. The data were independently screened,sorted, and extracted on 29th Dec 2020 (from Scopus). Based on the number of publications(NoP) and growth rate (GR), we designed and ranked the top country in each “publicationclub,” as shown in Table 1. Furthermore, if we ignore the minimum number of publications,the top ten ranked countries with growth rate are Uzbekistan (n = 1388.37), Ethiopia (n =238.64), Brunei Darussalam (n = 200.00), Gambia (n = 200.00), Mongolia (n = 171.43),Honduras (n = 150.00), Philippines (n = 144.00), Rwanda (n = 142.86), French Polynesia (n= 125.00) and Benin (n = 120.00). Based on the total publication record from more than 150countries (n = 118706 for 2020 and n = 100366 for 2019), a significant and positive growthrate (n = 18.27) has been noticed in “Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceutics”. TheNoP and GR details of each country are provided in Table 2

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.477
Threshold uncertainty score0.997

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0050.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.431
GPT teacher head0.572
Teacher spread0.141 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it