Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To describe new and emerging therapies for pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD). RECENT FINDINGS: Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of type 2 immunity and interrelationships among the skin immune system, epidermal barrier, and microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD, including in infants and children. These discoveries have translated into more targeted therapy. Crisaborole ointment, a topical phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, and dupilumab, a subcutaneously injected interleukin (IL)-4 receptor inhibitor, are now Food and Drug Administration-approved. Topical agents under investigation for use in the pediatric population include Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, PDE4 inhibitors, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, an antimicrobial peptide, and commensal skin bacteria. Emerging systemic agents for pediatric AD include biologics targeting IL-13, the IL-31 receptor, and the IL-5 receptor, as well as oral JAK inhibitors. SUMMARY: Increased understanding of AD pathogenesis has resulted in the development of new, more targeted therapies that show promising safety and efficacy results in Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, although long-term safety remains to be evaluated. AD is a heterogeneous disease and having choices of therapies with different mechanisms of action will allow a broader group of children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe disease to achieve disease control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".