Martin Luther's Contribution to John Wesley's Doctrine of Justification
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Scholars have repeatedly recognized John Wesley's debt to Martin Luther, but have stated it in generalities. What specifically did Luther contribute to Wesley's doctrine of justification over the course of his career? This article documents Wesley's comments on Luther throughout his corpus, identifies four streams of direct and indirect influence (Luther's writings, German Pietism, German mysticism, and the early English Reformers), and evaluates Luther's contribution to Wesley's doctrine of justification from 1738 to the 1780s. Luther's influence was strongest from 1738 to 1741, but moderated after Wesley split from the Moravians. Through the decades, Wesley continued to recognize his debt to Luther, despite differences concerning imputation and personal holiness.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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