Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jejungwon was the first Western style medical hospital in Korea. It was founded by Dr. H. N. Allen, who belonged to the Presbyterian Church of the U.S.A. and came to Korea in 1884 as a medical missionary. Regarding the establishment of a hospital, he consulted with the American diplomat, George C. Foulk and the American Mission Board. Jejungwon was financially supported by the Joseon government. Although Allen served for three years as a medical missionary in the hospital, he was the founder of this institution with a medical school. After he transferred to the American Council in Seoul, he continued to support the hospital until he left Korea. Jejungwon was the first visible institution resulting from the Protestant mission work. The role that Jejungwon played was more than just that of a hospital; because the Korean government prohibited Western foreign missionaries from entering the country, many missionaries and Westerners were only able to enter Joseon through Jejungwon. Modern Western cultures were also introduced through this place. The first Sunday worship was held by missionaries at the hospital, and the Korean church was started by those who attended the worship with missionaries in Jejungwon. Modern style higher education also began at the hospital in the form of a medical school. When Horace G. Underwood came to Korea, he was an ordained missionary, but officially, he came in as a teacher at Jejungwon. He started his mission work at this hospital as a pharmacologist, assistant and teacher in the Jejungwon Medical School. His wife, Lillias H. Underwood, worked at the hospital, particularly for women. Mr. Underwood invited Dr. Oliver R. Avison, who was a professor of the Medical School of the University of Toronto, as a medical missionary and as Director of Jejungwon. Bringing Avison into Jejungwon was Underwood`s best contribution to the hospital. He supported Avison at all times, particularly as Avison tried to develop the hospital and the medical school. In addition, as a missionary, Underwood founded Chosen Christian College, the first Western style higher education institution in Korea, which is now Yonsei University. He did many other things as the founding father of the Korean Protestant Church as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.331 | 0.145 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".