Seizure Detection Based on Adaptive Feature Extraction by Applying Extreme Learning Machines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic disorder which negatively affects the patients' life. The functionality of the brain can be obtained from brain signals and it is vital to analyze and examine the brain signals in seizure detection processes. In this study, we performed machine learning-based and signal processing methods to detect epileptic signals. To do that, we examined three different EEG signals (healthy, ictal, and interictal) with two different classes (healthy ones and epileptic ones). Our proposed method consists of three stages which are preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. In the preprocessing phase, EEG signals normalized to scale all samples into [0,1] range. After Stockwell Transform was applied and chaotic features and Parseval's Energy collected from each EEG signal. In the last part, EEG signals were classified with ELM (Extreme Learning Machines) with different parameters. Our study shows the best classification accuracy obtained from the Sigmoid activation function with the number of 100 hidden neurons. The highlights of this study are: Stockwell Transform is used; Entropy values are selected based on the adaptive process. Threshold values are determined according to the error rates; ELM classifier algorithm is applied.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".