Immune-related gene expression signatures in colorectal cancer.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The immune system is crucial in regulating colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis.Identification of immune-related transcriptomic signatures derived from the peripheral blood of patients with CRC would provide insights into CRC pathogenesis, and suggest novel clues to potential immunotherapy strategies for the disease.The present study collected blood samples from 59 patients with CRC and 62 healthy control patients and performed whole blood gene expression profiling using microarray hybridization.Immune-related gene expression signatures for CRC were identified from immune gene datasets, and an algorithmic predictive model was constructed for distinguishing CRC from controls.Model performance was characterized using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC).Functional categories for CRC-specific gene expression signatures were determined using gene set enrichment analyses.A Kaplan-Meier plotter survival analysis was also performed for CRC-specific immune genes in order to characterize the association between gene expression and CRC prognosis.The present study identified five CRC-specific immune genes [protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit Bα (PPP3R1), amyloid β precursor protein, cathepsin H, proteasome activator subunit 4 and DEAD-Box Helicase 3 X-Linked].A predictive model based on this five-gene panel showed good discriminatory power (independent test set sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 94.7%, accuracy, 89.2%; ROC AUC, 0.96).The candidate genes were involved in pathways associated with 'adaptive immune responses', 'innate immune responses' and 'cytokine signaling'.The survival analysis found that a high level of PPP3R1 expression was associated with a poor CRC prognosis.The present study identified five CRC-specific immune genes that were potential diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.The biological function analysis indicated a close association between CRC pathogenesis and the immune system, and may reveal more information about the immunogenic and pathogenic mechanisms driving CRC in the future.Overall, the association between PPP3R1 expression and survival of patients with CRC revealed potential new targets for CRC immunotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".