34 Effect of Feeding Vitamin D Supplementation on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism When Piglets Are Fed a DON Contaminated Diet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract DON has been shown to induce anorexia, oxidative stress, and more recently, alterations in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism. It was thus hypothesized that vitamin D3 or 25-OH-D3 can counteract the effects of DON in piglets. The objectives were to confirm the DON effect and to evaluate the impact of a vitamin D supplementation on growth performance and Ca and P metabolism on piglets receiving a DON contaminated feed. A total of 66 piglets received one of the 6 treatments in 2 x 3 factorial design: control treatments (CON) or DON unsupplemented or supplemented with VitD3 or 25-OH-D3. After 21 days, piglets were weighted and feed intake was measured. Bone mineral content of each piglet was measured with dual-intensity X-ray absorptiometry at 21 days. Blood samples were taken to assess concentrations for VitD, P and Ca. Results showed that, DON reduced average daily feed intake and average daily gain (P < 0.001). DON increased BMC per kg live body weight (P < 0.001). Piglets fed DON diet had lower plasma concentrations of 25-OH-D3, 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and phosphate (P < 0.001). The sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 (SLC20A2; P < 0.050), sodium/calcium exchanger 1 (SLC8A1; P < 0.032) and Klotho (P < 0.014) gene expression was downregulated by DON contamination in intestinal mucosae. The calbindin d28K (CALB-1) (P < 0.042), SLC8A1 (P < 0.026), TRPV5 (P < 0.041), calbindin d9K (S100G) (P < 0.029) and Klotho (P < 0.013) gene expression was downregulated by DON contamination in the kidney. The 1α-hydroxylase gene expression tended to be downregulated by DON contamination in the kidney as well. The VitD3 and 25-OH-D3 supplementation upregulated vitamin D receptor (VDR, DON x VitD, P < 0.014), SLC8A1 (DON x VitD, P < 0.036) and Klotho (DON x VitD, P < 0.025) in intestinal mucosae, although those gene expressions were downregulated by DON contamination. Thus, DON induced an alteration of vitamin D-calcium-phosphorus metabolism by modifying Ca utilization from mechanisms still under investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".