Innate and learned predator recognition across populations of Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Innate and learned anti‐predator responses can be important determinants of survival in natural environments. Our study measured innate and learned anti‐predator responses in three populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar . Across populations, we found that the presence of a chemical alarm cue derived from the skin of conspecifics was associated with a significant decline in behavioural activity, indicating an innate anti‐predator response to the chemical alarm cue. The presence of a kingfisher model was not associated with a change in behavioural activity, indicating that this visual predator cue does not elicit an innate anti‐predator response. Following training in which the alarm cue and predator cue were paired, the presence of a kingfisher model was not associated with a change in behavioural activity, indicating the absence of a learned anti‐predator response across the three populations. Understanding population variability in anti‐predator behaviour may be important when selecting populations for reintroduction efforts of Atlantic salmon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".