Overexpression of vacuolar H<sup>+</sup>‐pyrophosphatase (H<sup>+</sup>‐PPase) gene from <i>Ammopiptanthus nanus</i> enhances drought tolerance in maize
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Maize is acutely vulnerable to water deficit. Due to the slow progress in conventional breeding, more beneficial genes should be transformed into maize for improvement of drought tolerance. In the present study, the vacuolar H + ‐pyrophosphatase (H + ‐PPase) gene ( AnVP1 ) from Ammopiptanthus nanus was transformed into maize by Agrobacterium ‐mediated calli transformation. After identification of integration and ectopic expression of the AnVP1 gene by PCR amplification, DNA resequencing, reverse transcription PCR, real‐time quantitative PCR, Western blotting and measurement of H + ‐PPase content, the transgenic lines were evaluated for their drought tolerance in greenhouse and field. The results of greenhouse phenotyping showed that the expression of AnVP1 decreased the negative effects of drought stress on transgenic maize with the improved performance, higher germination ratio, relative water content, biomass and more robust root system, slightly blasted leaves, lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. The results of yield phenotyping showed that kernel yield of L1, L4 and L10 lines was significantly higher than WT under water deficit conditions. In conclusion, ectopic expression of the AnVP1 gene significantly enhanced drought tolerance of the transgenic maize, which is hopefully used for commercialized release after further safety assessment, because the expression of some endogenous genes was affected slightly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".