Wax Recovery from the Pyrolysis of Virgin and Waste Plastics
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermochemical conversion is an effective technique for the treatment of polyolefin plastics to produce value-added products, including oils and chemical waxes. The recovery of wax from the pyrolysis of virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and plastic solid waste (PSW) in a patented fixed-bed reactor has been investigated in this study. The highest wax yield (64.5 wt %) was obtained from LDPE at 500 °C. Results show that the average densities of the waxes recovered from PSW, HDPE, and LDPE are 851.7 ± 1.0, 849.4 ± 5.3, and 879.5 ± 2.2 kg m–3, respectively. These values are similar to that of commercial wax and slightly higher than that of commercial paraffin wax. Considering their energy content, the waxes studied can be used as sources of fuel. The calorific values of the recovered waxes are estimated to be in the range of 45.61–46.22 kJ g–1, which is in the acceptable range of commercial kerosene, gas oil, and light fuel oil. Furthermore, the waxes obtained have flash points that are above the specifications of diesel fuel, indicating that they fall within the acceptable flammability range.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it