Renal expression and urinary excretion of aquaporin-2 in postobstructive uropathy in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work assessed the time course of water renal management together with aquaporin-2 (AQP2) kidney expression and urinary AQP2 levels (AQP2u) in obstructive nephropathy. Adult male Wistar rats were monitored after 1, 2, and 7 days of bilateral ureteral release (bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO); BUO-1, BUO-2 and BUO-7). Renal water handling was evaluated using conventional clearance techniques. AQP2 levels were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques. AQP2 expression in apical membranes was downregulated in BUO-1 rats and upregulated both in BUO-2 and BUO-7 animals. AQP2 protein expression in whole cell lysate fraction from kidney cortex and medulla were significantly decreased in all the experimental groups. Concomitantly, mRNA levels of AQP2 decreased in renal medulla of all groups and in renal cortex from BUO-1; however, in renal cortex from BUO-2 and BUO-7 a recovery and an increase in the level of AQP2 mRNA were, respectively, observed. BUO-7 group showed a significant increase in AQP2u. The alterations observed in apical membranes AQP2 expression could explain, at least in part, the evolution time of water kidney management in the postobstructive phase of BUO. Additionally, the AQP2u increase after 7 days of ureteral release may be postulated as a biomarker of improvement in the kidney function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".