Cerebellar intracellular calcium signaling and proapoptotic/proinflammatory protein changes common to motor dysfunctions with divergent etiologies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Binge drinking among adolescents is an ongoing public health concern. Although binge drinking can also be harmful to adults, the adolescent population is more susceptible to aberrant neurological changes as their brains are still undergoing significant development. The waddles (wdl) mouse is characterized by a namesake waddling gait due to a homozygous mutation of the Car8 gene. Carbonic anhydrase type 8 (CAR8) controls the intracellular release of calcium (Ca²⁺) from internal stores. Both models display a similar cerebellar based ataxia which is why they were chosen for comparison. Methods Groups of pre-adolescent post-natal day (PND 26) and adolescent (PND 34) rats underwent a series of behavioral tests designed to assess memory, anxiety regulation, and motor function. Subjects were first exposed to either ethanol or plain air through a vapour chamber apparatus for five consecutive days (two hours per day). Rota-rod testing was conducted to characterize the wdl mutation and ethanol treatment effects on motor output. Acute cerebellar slices from wdl mice were subsequently utilized for fluorescent calcium imaging experiments. Western blotting was used for protein quantification in the homogenized cerebella of both models. Results Behavioral testing using the rota-rod, cage-hang, novel object recognition, light-dark box, and elevated plus maze apparatuses showed significantly decreased object memory and measures of anxiety-related behaviors in ethanol treated subjects. Western blotting indicated elevated levels of proinflammatory/proapoptotic proteins in the cerebella of ethanol treated and wdl animals. Younger homozygous wdl mice outperformed their older cohorts on the rota-rod. Heterozygotes, which were thought to be free of motor impairment, displayed motor learning deficiencies. Calcium imaging revealed significant attenuation of cerebellar granule cell somatic Ca²⁺ signaling in homozygous mice. Conclusion Differences on anxiety tests indicate a failure of behavioral inhibition in the ethanol treated group. There are also impairments to motor coordination and object memory, which involve the cerebellar and hippocampal brain regions, respectively. When taken together with work on the wdl mouse, these findings suggest disruptions in cerebellar circuitry hampering proper neuronal communication have drastic consequences for behavioral output of the cerebellum.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".