White Suits and Kangaroo Kills: Making Men's Careers in American Nursing
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article explores nursing as an emerging career path for men in interwar America. As women reached historic concentrations within the profession, it examines how early gradutes of the Pennsylvania Hospital School of Nursing for Men created a distinct form of gendered professionalism that allowed them to enter an otherwise female‐dominated field. Drawing on school records and oral histories, it argues that men's training simultaneously integrated the feminised aspects of caring labour while upholding strict codes of masculinity that also excluded gay men and men of colour. In contrast to the few existing studies of men in traditionally female fields throughout the twentieth century, this case thus more closely resembles histories of women in male‐dominated professions, in which participants calibrated their presentations of gender to appease both gender and professional norms.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it