Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy for potential noninvasive nasopharyngeal cancer detection
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Combining membrane electrophoresis with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, the serum proteins were first purified and then mixed with silver nanoparticles to perform SERS spectral analysis. Therefore, the spectral signatures were enhanced to high‐fidelity SERS signatures because of the purification procedure of the first step. We used the method to analyze blood plasma samples from nasopharyngeal cancer patients ( n = 43) and healthy volunteers ( n = 33) for cancer detection. Principle component analysis of the SERS spectra revealed that the data points for the cancer group and the normal group form distinct, completely separated clusters with no overlap. Therefore, the nasopharyngeal cancer group can be unambiguously discriminated from the normal group, i.e., with both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100%. These results are very promising for developing a label‐free, noninvasive, and reliable clinical tool for rapid cancer detection and screening. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it